Dr. Stephen Appold is Visiting Scholar and Senior Research Associate at the Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He received his PhD from UNC Chapel Hill and BA from SUNY Stony Brook. He collaborates closely with John D. Kasarda on aerotropolis topics. In addition to consulting reports, recent publications in that field include "The Appropriate Scale of US Airport Retail," Journal of Air Transport Management (2006); "Looking in all the wrong places? Catalytic effects in the context of product cycle theory" in Ute Knippenberger and Alex Wall, eds., Airports in Cities and Regions: Research and Practice, KIT Scientific Publishing (2010); "Are Airports Non-places?" Airport Consulting (2011); and "Seeding Growth at Airports and Airport Cities: Insights from the Two-Sided Market Literature," Research in Transportation Business and Management (2011); all co-authoed with Kasarda. He is now writing a book with Kasarda, tentatively titled, Aerotropolis Planning and Development: Guidelines and Implementation.